ESP32 GPS Module Setup: A Complete Guide for Beginners (2025)

As a new media artist and technologist, I have experimented a lot with GPS tracking, location-based projects, and interactive installations.

The ESP32 is a microcontroller with built-in WiFi and Bluetooth, making it well-suited for GPS module integration.

However, when I first started using GPS with ESP32, setting up a reliable connection was challenging.

This guide provides a structured approach to esp32 GPS module setup, covering wiring, library installation, coding, and troubleshooting.

By following these steps, you will establish a functional GPS tracker capable of reading and processing data using an esp32 or an arduino nano for various applications.

Understanding GPS Modules

GPS modules such as the NEO-6M GPS and NEO-M8N utilize satellite signals to determine location, transmitting NMEA sentences that contain latitude, longitude, speed, and time data.

Common GPS Modules

1. NEO-6M GPS: Cost-effective, widely used, and beginner-friendly.
2. NEO-M8N GPS: Offers improved accuracy and faster signal acquisition.
3. SIM808: Combines GPS tracking with GSM communication for cellular applications.

Selecting the right GPS module depends on your specific requirements.

If basic tracking suffices, the ESP32 NEO-6M GPS is an excellent option, while the ESP32 NEO-M8N GPS is preferable for enhanced accuracy.

Choosing the Right GPS Module for Your Project

Key Factors to Consider

1. GPS update rate: Higher update rates ensure smoother tracking.
2. GPS power requirements: Essential for battery-powered projects.
3. GPS external antenna: Enhances signal reception in obstructed environments.
4. GPS I2C module: Some GPS modules support I2C communication, though UART is more common.

For most projects, a UART-based GPS module like the NEO-6M is the most straightforward option.

Wiring the ESP32 to a GPS Module

Step-by-Step Wiring Guide

This configuration utilizes ESP32 UART communication on UART2. If different pins are used, adjust the code accordingly.

Installing Required Libraries for GPS Communication

To process GPS data, install the TinyGPS++ library in Arduino IDE:

1. Open Arduino IDE.
2. Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries.
3. Search for TinyGPS++ and install it.
4. Also, install HardwareSerial if not already included.

If you’re using MicroPython, you can use the micropyGPS library instead.

Writing and Uploading the ESP32 GPS Module Code

Below is a basic GPS module code to read latitude and longitude:

#include <TinyGPS++.h>
#include <HardwareSerial.h>

static const int RXPin = 16, TXPin = 17;
static const uint32_t GPSBaud = 9600;

TinyGPSPlus gps;
HardwareSerial mySerial(2);

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    mySerial.begin(GPSBaud, SERIAL_8N1, RXPin, TXPin);
}

void loop() {
    while (mySerial.available() > 0) {
        gps.encode(mySerial.read());
        if (gps.location.isUpdated()) {
            Serial.print("Latitude: "); Serial.println(gps.location.lat(), 6);
            Serial.print("Longitude: "); Serial.println(gps.location.lng(), 6);
        }
    }
}

Upload the ESP32 GPS Arduino IDE code, open the Serial Monitor, and set the ESP32 GPS baud rate to 115200.

If correctly configured, latitude and longitude values should be displayed.

Troubleshooting Common GPS Issues

GPS Module Not Detecting Satellites

1. Move to an open area: GPS signals are weak indoors.
2. Utilize an ESP32 GPS external antenna if available.
3. Allow 30 seconds or more for the initial fix.

Incorrect Baud Rate

1. Verify the ESP32 GPS baud rate (default: 9600).
2. If unclear data appears, test alternative baud rates.

No Data in Serial Monitor

1. Confirm proper ESP32 GPS hardware setup (TX/RX connections).
2. Ensure sufficient ESP32 GPS power requirements.
3. Switch to an alternative ESP32 GPS UART communication port if necessary.

Visualizing GPS Data on a Map

Once the GPS data processing is functional, visualize it on a map:

1. Transmit GPS coordinates to a web server using Websockets.
2. Display data on Google Maps.
3. Implement GPS real-time tracking using Python or JavaScript.

For tracking applications, log GPS coordinates and upload them to GPS cloud storage.

Try the LilyGo T-Display S3 with your setup!

Conclusion

Configuring an GPS module requires proper wiring, library setup, and troubleshooting.

With a working ESP32 GPS tracker, you can expand functionality by integrating GPS logging, GPS Bluetooth transmission, or GPS visualisations.

Whether you are developing an GPS DIY project, a geofencing system, or a location-aware art installation, this guide provides the foundation to bring your vision to life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)